Energy-time uncertainty exemplified by lifetime broadening
A neon lamp is placed inside a spectral tube holder and the emission spectrum is observed with a fiber
optics
Demonstrating diffraction of light
With a helium-neon laser, we can demonstrate the diffraction of light from a single slit, double slit pattern or from
X-rays as probes of atomic structure
X-rays are produced when inner shell transitions take place inside atoms. This demonstration uses 
an X-ray tube, X-ray
detector and
Modern version of J.J. Thomson’s experiment
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897, while working with cathode ray tubes. We can scavenge a tube from an
Energy quantization
Some interesting and informative demonstrations are prepared as a useful teaching tool to explain the idea of energy quantization. One
Franck-Hertz experiment
Franck-Hertz experiment is a profound way of looking at the quantization of energy lev
els in an atom. A triode
Excitation by electric fields
Electrons inside atoms can be excited not only by striking photons or electrons, but also by electric fields. The electric
